Citation Resources

Citing Sources using APA, MLA, Chicago, ASA, ESA (Ecology), CSE, AMS, IEEE, ACS Style

The following links are recommended sources to help you with citing sources using one of the three major citation styles (APA, MLA, or Chicago Style), or come visit our Center. We've also added Ecology Style from the Journal of Ecology. If your citation style is not one of the big three or Ecology, we can still work with you! Please make an appointment with one of our tutors.

APA Style Guide (7th Edition)

• WMC's Quick Guide to APA Style (7th Ed) (PDF, 498KB). APA is the most common style in psychology and social sciences.
• FREE APA Style online during COVID-19 Pandemic
• APA's "Basics of APA Style" slideshow tutorial (provides overview of APA manuscript formatting, reducing bias in language, creating reference list; includes links at the end with sample paper and references).
• APA Quick Reference Guide
• APA References
• APA In Text Citations
• APA Title Page Guide
• APA Formatting
• APA Tables and Figures
• APA Figures: Checklist and Examples of Figures from 7th Edition
• APA: "How to cite ChaptGPT"
• How to cite block quotes APA Style: Samples.
• How to cite a source cited in another source: APA.org example.
• How to create references/in text citation for electronic images (website, google images)
• TAKE THE WMC APA QUIZ! Test yourself on your APA knowledge.

MLA Style Guide (9th Edition)

• WMC's Quick Guide to MLA Style, 9th Edition (PDF, 228KB)
• MLA: "How do I cite generative AI in MLA style?"
• MLA Sample Essays
• Purdue OWL's MLA Guide: https://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/resource/747/01/
  OWL provides general format and style guide for writing papers in MLA style, the most commonly used style in liberal arts and humanities. However, do not use the MLA citation generator on the Purdue OWL webpage. Information generated is inconsistent and may be incorrect.

The Chicago Manual of Style Online (17th Edition)

• WMC's Quick Guide to Chicago Style: Notes/Bib system (PDF, 441KB)
• WMC's Quick Guide to Chicago Style: Author/Date system (PDF, 493KB)
• Chicago Manual of Style Online--Quick Guide: http://chicagomanualofstyle.org
• Chicago Style: How to cite ChaptGPT

American Sociological Society (ASA) Style (7th Edition* New)

• WMC's Quick Guide to ASA Style (7th Edition)
• ASA: How to cite ChaptGPT? Follow the Chicago Style guideline.
  AI tools cannot be listed as an author of a paper as AI tools cannot meet the requirements for authorship.
• Please do not use the ASA citation generator on the Purdue OWL webpage. Information generated is inconsistent and may be incorrect.

ESA (Ecological Society of America) Style

• WMC's Quick Guide to Ecology Style (ESRM)
• WMC's Quick Guide to Ecology Style for ESRM 100
• For more information on writing in ESRM visit: http://esrm.zone/writing-tutorials/
  
  • ESRM Technical Writing Guide
  • Worksheet for Literature Review Structure
  • Introductory videos on: Choosing a Topic, Approaching a Research Paper, Components of Technical Writing, etc.

CSE (Council of Science Editors), Scientific Style

• CSE Quick Guide for three systems of in-text references and end references.

AMS (American Mathematical Society) Style

• WMC's AMS Quick Guide
• AMS Style Guide online 2017, free
• AMS uses Chicago Style for grammar and style for scholarly works and "things not covered in the AMS manual" (AMS, 12). See Chicago Style Guide (online).
• AMS recommends using MathSiNet (MSC) to identify how to complete reference information: https://mathscinet.ams.org/mathscinet. It also recommends MathSiNet for the spelling of technical terms.

IEEE (Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers) Style

• WMC's IEEE Quick Guide (pdf)
• IEEE Reference Guide

ACS (American Chemical Society) Style

• WMC's ACS Quick Guide
• For more information on how to write Chemistry lab reports, answer short essay questions, etc., and to see examples, visit CI Writing Guide for Chemistry.

COMMITTEE ON PUBLICATION ETHICS POSITION STATEMENT

Using AI and ChatGPT

While course writing practices may be shaped by faculty and university code of ethics, it is helpful for students to know how researchers and scholars are responding to AI and ChatGPT in publications. COPE's position statement follows the position statement of Journal of American Medical Associations (JAMA) and a growing number of academic publications. Their statement is listed through bullets below:

Regarding AI Tools -

• "AI tools cannot meet the requirements of authorship as they cannot take responsibility for the submitted work.
• "As non-legal entities, they cannot assert the presence or absence of conflicts of interest or manage copyright and license agreements.

Regarding authorship -

• "Authors who use AI tools in the writing of a manuscript, production of images or graphical elements of the paper, or in the collection and analysis of data, must be transparent in disclosing the Materials and Methods (or similar section) of the paper how the AI tool was used and which tool was used.
• "Authors are fully responsible for the content of their manuscript, even those parts produced by an AI tool, and thus liable for any breach of publication ethics."

Other Handouts

WMC Quick Guide Comparison: In Text Citation Practice with Multiple Authors
Annotated Bibliography: WMC Guide for Annotated Bibliography
Paraphrasing:
WMC Handout Exercise for Paraphrasing Correctly Using APA Style.
WMC Handout Exercise for Paraphrasing Correctly using ASA Style.